The region adjacent to the core is often referred to as the belt region, and surrounding that is an area often called the parabelt region. These neighboring areas are mostly buried within the lateral sulcus as well, but may extend out to the superior temporal gyrus. The demarcations of the auditory cortex in general, however, are imprecise. The auditory cortex plays a critical role in our ability to perceive sound.
It is thought to be integral to our perception of the fundamental aspects of an auditory stimulus, like the pitch of the sound. But it is also important in various other aspects of sound processing, like determining where in space a sound originates from as well as identifying what might be producing the sound.
The auditory cortex is also thought to be involved in higher-level auditory processing, such as recognizing aspects of sound that are specific to speech. Damage to the auditory cortex can disrupt various facets of auditory perception. For example, damage e.
The auditory cortex primarily receives auditory information from a nucleus in the thalamus called the medial geniculate nucleus , which is where all incoming information about hearing is sent before it is processed by the cerebral cortex.
Cells in the primary region of the auditory cortex and in some parts of the non-primary regions as well are arranged so they form what is known as a tonotopic map. What this means is that different areas of the auditory cortex are involved in processing different sound frequencies.
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The functional division of the auditory cortex enables temporal variations of a stimulus to be decoded extremely accurately compared to other centers of the auditory pathway.
It allows more information to be obtained about complex sounds, as well as the location of a sound source and its motion. Animal vocalisations and human language vary greatly between individuals. Voluntary and involuntary variations also exist within the same subject. Although the perception of auditory messages requires analysis of the frequencies that make up a complex sound, spectral analysis is even more important.
If the sound spectrum containing the entire soundwave profile of a complex sound the sound envelope is maintained, good hearing and phoneme comprehension can occur, even when certain specific frequencies are removed. Non-invasive MEG imaging can be used to accurately determine with excellent spatial precision, the location of evoked activity that occurs in a few milliseconds. Auditory cortex projects to the regions of the frontal lobe involved in motor function for speech a , the lips b , jaw c , tongue d , larynx e and Broca's area B.
The presence of six cell layers in the auditory cortex is common to all mammals, but species differences take the form of the commonality of each cells within each layer. Inverted stellate cells also exist Martinotti cells as well as cells with candelabra-shaped dendritic configurations. Most ascending fibers originate in the MGB and synapse with the pyramidal cells of layer IV, but this is not always the case. Summation corresponds to similar afferentation from both ears, with a contralateral dominance.
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