The child may have a different type of attachment to the father or grandmother, for example Lamb, This means that it lacks validity, as it does not measure a general attachment style, but instead an attachment style specific to the mother. In addition, some research has shown that the same child may show different attachment behaviors on different occasions.
Children's attachments may change, perhaps because of changes in the child's circumstances, so a securely attached child may appear insecurely attached if the mother becomes ill or the family circumstances change. The strange situation has also been criticized on ethical grounds. Because the child is put under stress separation and stranger anxiety , the study has broken the ethical guideline protection of participants. However, in its defense, the separation episodes were curtailed prematurely if the child became too stressed.
Also, according to Marrone , although the Strange Situation has been criticized for being stressful, it is simulating everyday experiences, as mothers do leave their babies for brief periods of time in different settings and often with unfamiliar people such as babysitters. Finally, the study's sample is biased - comprising middle-class American families.
Therefore, it is difficult to generalize the findings outside of America and to working-class families. McLeod, S. Mary ainsworth. Simply Psychology.
Ainsworth, M. Patterns of attachment behavior shown by the infant in interaction with his mother. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly of behavior and Development, Attachment as related to mother-infant interaction. In Advances in the study of behavior Vol. Academic Press. Attachment, exploration, and separation: Illustrated by the behavior of one-year-olds in a strange situation. Child Development, 41 , Schaffer Ed. The origins of human social relations. London and New York: Academic Press.
Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Attachment and exploratory behavior of one-year-olds in a strange situation. Foss Ed. London: Methuen. Behrens, K. Mothers' attachment status as determined by the Adult Attachment Interview predicts their 6-year-olds' reunion responses: A study conducted in Japan. Developmental Psychology, 43 6 , Belsky, J.
Temperament and attachment security in the strange situation: An empirical rapprochement. Child development , Bowlby, J. Attachment and loss: Vol. New York: Basic Books. Attachment and loss vol. London: Hogarth Press. Fox, N. Infant temperament and security of attachment: a new look. Bowlby believed that attachment was an all or nothing process. This experiment was her most significant contribution to the field of child development and paved the way for future research in the field.
In this experiment, an infant between one and two years of age is left in a room to explore some toys while their caregiver and a stranger enter and leave the room and tries to communicate with the child. The reaction of the child helped classify him into one of three categories: secure attachment -the child feels safe with the mother and interacts with the stranger only in the presence of the mother, ambivalent attachment — the child cannot decide whether to forgive the mother for leaving him alone with the stranger and avoidant attachment — the child shows no distress when mother leaves or re-enters and does not interact with the stranger.
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