Hepatitis D is linked directly to hepatitis B, particularly to chronic hepatitis B infection. Vaccination against hepatitis B can protect people from hepatitis D infection. Hepatitis E is primarily transmitted by contaminated drinking water and is not thought to be sexually transmitted. Skip to content. Hepatitis: Fast Facts. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that can be caused by a group of viruses.
There are five major types of viral hepatitis: hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E. Hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis C are the most common types of viral hepatitis found in the United States.
The are vaccines available that can prevent both hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Click on the hepatitis types below to learn more. Hepatitis A. Hepatitis B. Hepatitis C. Hepatitis D and E. Hepatitis A is transmitted primarily through oral contact with feces oral-fecal contact. This includes contaminated food or water sources and sexual contact, especially oral-anal sex. Most adults infected with hepatitis A usually develop some symptoms.
Symptoms may develop about days after exposure; the average is 28 days. These may include: Low-grade fever Malaise feeling of ill-health Fatigue feeling tired all the time Loss of appetite Nausea Abdominal discomfort Dark-colored urine Jaundice yellowing of the skin and eyes Hepatitis A is diagnosed through a blood test. The test detects hepatitis A virus antibodies disease-fighting proteins in the blood. Each type of hepatitis virus has a different risk of being transmitted through sex.
Hepatitis A is spread easily by casual person-to-person contact and by food or water contaminated by the feces of infected people. This is called the fecal-oral route or the hand-to-mouth route. You can be infected with hepatitis A in many ways that don't require sharing body fluids or needles.
There is a vaccine to prevent hepatitis A. Hepatitis B virus is the type of hepatitis most commonly linked with being sexually transmitted, as it is present in semen, body fluids, and blood that are shared during unprotected sex. It is also transmitted through sharing needles or razors and other blood exposure, such as from mother to baby during birth.
Its primary route of transmission is through blood and body fluids and it isn't transmitted through other routes. You can't catch it from a toilet seat or from casual contact with any object an infected person has simply touched. The good news is that hepatitis B can be prevented by a vaccine.
The sexual transmission of hepatitis C has generally been considered very rare, and that is not considered to be a major mode of transmission for the virus. Hepatitis C virus is not easily transmitted through sexual contact. Usually, the hepatitis C virus is transmitted through needle-sharing blood exposure during the use of injection drugs and to a much lesser extent through exposures in healthcare settings.
Some cases of hepatitis C infection have been reported via occupational and perinatal exposure. The risk is very low among heterosexual couples in regular relationships. There is an increased risk for people who have multiple sexual partners and for HIV-infected persons. There is no vaccine for hepatitis C. To help reduce your risk of getting hepatitis sexually, use a male condom with every act of vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse.
Learn how to use condoms appropriately to prevent body fluid exposure during sex. This will also reduce your risk of other sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV, gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, and genital herpes. One way is by sexual contact with an infected person. Hepatitis B virus is transmitted through blood and body fluids especially through anal sex. Other ways are by sharing personal items toothbrushes, razors, etc.
Healthcare and emergency service workers can get it through needle stick injuries or blood splashes in the eyes, nose, mouth or on broken skin. Most people get better and can no longer pass on the virus. Others will always carry the virus and continue to be infectious able to pass it on to others. They are called "carriers. Some will develop cancer of the liver. There is no specific treatment for hepatitis B. Do not drink alcohol if you have hepatitis.
A special diet may be needed if you have severe disease. Your doctor will advise you. As long as you carry the virus, you can infect others.
You may pass it on to your sex partner s , to those who live in close contact with you, and to those who share your needles for injecting drugs.
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